Definition of a Verruca
A verruca looks like a small growth on the surface of the skin and is typically rough and hard to touch. It can vary in size and shape, often resembling a cauliflower or a rough blister. Verrucae can occur anywhere on the body but are most commonly found on the hands and feet.
While verrucae are generally harmless and can go away on their own, they can be irritating or uncomfortable, especially if they are located in weight-bearing areas or areas prone to friction.
Verruca Causes
Verrucae, also known as warts, are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). This common viral infection can be passed on through close skin contact or by touching contaminated objects or surfaces.
Common sources of verruca infection include changing room floors, swimming pool areas, socks, shoes, and towels. The virus thrives in warm, moist environments, making wet or damaged skin more susceptible to infection. Poor circulation or a compromised immune response can also increase the risk of developing verrucae.
It is important to practice good hygiene to minimise the chances of contracting verrucae. This includes wearing sandals or flip-flops in communal showers and pools, changing socks regularly, and avoiding direct contact with infected skin. If you do develop a verruca, there are various treatment options available to help remove it. You could start by speaking to a pharmacist for over-the-counter remedies, or if these fail speak to your GP for other options.
Verruca Symptoms
While verrucae share similarities with other types of warts and corns, there are specific symptoms that distinguish them.
Verrucae often occur on weight-bearing areas, such as the soles of the feet, which are subject to constant pressure. Due to this, they can be painful, due to the constant friction and trauma. When growing in non-weightbearing areas they are usually painless. Multiple verrucae may appear in clusters, forming what is known as mosaic warts.
It is important to note that verrucae can cause discomfort, especially when walking or standing for long periods. They can also cause pain if they press on nerves. If left untreated, verrucae may spread and multiply.
If you suspect you have a verruca, it is advisable to seek medical advice for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
What Does a Verruca Look Like?
Visually, a verruca appears as a rough lump on the surface of the skin, resembling a small volcano. The centre of the verruca is pitted and rough, and may contain small black dots. These dots are actually tiny blood vessels that have been disrupted by the viral infection.
Verrucae can vary in size, ranging from as small as 1mm to over 1cm in diameter. They often grow deep into the skin, leading to areas of flat, thicker skin with a harder edge around a softer centre. The rough surface of a verruca is the result of a buildup of dead skin cells.
It’s important to note that verrucae can occur anywhere on the body, but are commonly found on the hands and feet.
Most Common Verruca Locations
Verrucae, also known as plantar warts, are most commonly found on weight-bearing areas of the foot, especially the sole. These areas include the heel, ball of the foot, and the areas around the toes.
Due to the constant pressure and friction from walking or standing, these weight-bearing areas provide an ideal environment for the human papillomavirus to penetrate the outer layer of the skin and cause a verruca to develop.
The sole of the foot is particularly vulnerable to verrucae due to its thicker and more robust skin. This type of skin is more prone to developing the rough and hardened surface characteristic of a verruca.
It is important to note that verrucae can also occur on other parts of the foot, such as the top or sides, but they are most commonly found on the weight-bearing areas of the sole.
Other common places for them to develop are the hands and knees, as these are also areas that can be subject to weightbearing and friction.
Risk Factors and Prevention of Verrucas
Verrucae can be highly contagious. While verrucae can develop in anyone, certain risk factors increase the likelihood of their occurrence. It’s important to understand these factors and take necessary precautions to prevent their spread.
One of the most common risk factors for verrucae is direct skin contact with contaminated surfaces. This can occur in public areas such as communal showers, swimming pools, or gym locker rooms. Avoiding walking barefoot in such areas and always wearing sandals or flip-flops can significantly reduce the risk of contracting the virus.
Sharing personal items like towels, socks, or shoes can also increase the likelihood of developing verrucae. It is crucial to avoid sharing these items with others, especially if they have visible warts or if you have a verruca yourself. Additionally, avoiding direct contact with warts on other parts of the body or on other individuals’ skin can help prevent the spread of the virus.
Furthermore, it is important to note that verrucae cannot be prevented through the HPV vaccination, as this vaccine only protects against certain types of the virus that cause genital warts and cervical cancer. Therefore, focusing on practicing good hygiene, maintaining healthy skin, and using proper protection in high-risk areas is crucial in preventing verrucae.
If a person is immunosuppressed or on immunosuppressive medications they may be more susceptible to developing verrucae if exposed to the virus, and the lesions may be more severe and difficult to treat.
By understanding the risk factors associated with verrucae and implementing preventive measures, it is possible to reduce the likelihood of developing them. Taking these precautions can help ensure the well-being of ourselves and others, promoting healthy, wart-free feet.
Treatment Options
When it comes to treating verrucae, there are several options available depending on the severity and location of the wart. One commonly used treatment method is cryotherapy, which involves the use of liquid nitrogen to freeze the wart, causing it to eventually fall off. This treatment is typically performed by a healthcare professional.
Another commonly used treatment option is the use of topical salicylic acid. This acid works by gradually removing layers of the wart, allowing healthy skin to regenerate in its place. Salicylic acid treatments come in various forms such as gels, creams, and plasters, and can be purchased over the counter.
For more stubborn verrucae, laser therapy may be recommended. This treatment method uses a laser to target and destroy the wart tissue. Laser therapy is typically performed in a medical setting by a trained professional.
In some cases, if over-the-counter treatments or conventional methods are not effective, other treatments such as light therapy or acupuncture may be considered. However, it’s important to note that these alternative treatments may not be widely available and may not be covered by the NHS.
Other treatment options for warts include injection of bleomycin and immunotherapy. These treatments are typically reserved for more severe or persistent cases of verrucae and are performed under the guidance of a healthcare professional.
Overall, the choice of treatment for verrucae depends on the individual and the specific characteristics of the wart. It is essential to consult with a healthcare professional to determine the most suitable treatment option for you.
What Are Plantar Warts (Verrucae)?
Plantar warts are verrucae on the foot. This tends to be what people think of classically when they hear the word “verruca”. As we’ve already touched on, these warts often appear on the soles of the feet, particularly in weight-bearing areas, and can cause discomfort and pain when walking or standing.
Painful Symptoms of Plantar Warts
Plantar warts can be quite painful compared to other types of warts. The pain and discomfort can be especially pronounced when plantar warts are located on weight-bearing areas of the feet.
Unlike mosaic warts, which are usually painless, plantar warts can cause significant discomfort and can even disrupt daily activities. The pain experienced from plantar warts is often described as a sharp, stinging sensation or as walking on a pebble or glass.
In addition to the discomfort, plantar warts can also develop more layers of skin, resulting in a rough surface. This roughness can make walking or standing for long periods of time particularly challenging and painful.
It’s important to recognise that plantar warts are not just a cosmetic issue, but can significantly impact a person’s quality of life. If you suspect you have plantar warts or are experiencing any pain or discomfort on the soles of your feet, it’s always best to seek medical advice for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment options.
Differentiating Between a Callus and a Plantar Wart
When it comes to foot issues, it’s important to be able to differentiate between a callus and a plantar wart. While they may look similar at first glance, there are key differences in their appearance and location.
A callus is a thickened patch of skin that develops due to friction or pressure. It usually appears on weight-bearing areas of the foot, such as the heel or ball of the foot. Calluses tend to be smooth and can vary in colour from white to yellowish. They are generally not painful unless there is excessive pressure or friction.
On the other hand, a plantar wart often occurs on the sole of the foot, particularly in areas where the skin is under pressure. Plantar warts have a rough surface, which may contain small black dots or “wart seeds.”
When to See a Doctor About Your Plantar Wart
If you have a plantar wart, there are certain circumstances in which it is important to seek medical attention. One such circumstance is if you have multiple warts. Having multiple warts can indicate a more severe infection or a weakened immune system, so it is advisable to consult a doctor in this case.
Painful or itchy warts are another reason to seek medical attention. These symptoms can be a sign of an infection or inflammation, and a doctor can provide appropriate treatment to alleviate the discomfort.
If your wart is bleeding, it is crucial to see a doctor. Bleeding warts can easily become infected and may require medical intervention to prevent complications.
Should you have a wart on your face or genitals, it is highly recommended to consult a doctor. Warts in these areas require special care and attention, as they can be more stubborn and may require specific treatment methods.
Individuals with a weakened immune system, such as those with HIV/AIDS or undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, should also seek medical attention for their plantar warts. A compromised immune system can make it more difficult for the body to fight off the viral infection.
Lastly, individuals with diabetes should consult a doctor about their plantar warts. Diabetes can impair the body’s ability to heal and increase the risk of complications.
In summary, it is important to see a doctor about your plantar wart if you have multiple warts, painful or itchy warts, bleeding warts, warts on the face or genitals, a weakened immune system, or diabetes. Seeking medical attention ensures appropriate diagnosis and treatment for your specific situation.
For further information and images of verrucae, including where to seek treatment, visit the NHS website: Warts and verrucas – NHS (www.nhs.uk)
FAQs
How Long Does it Take a Verruca to Heal After Cryotherapy?
After undergoing cryotherapy treatment for a verruca, the healing time can vary depending on several factors. Cryotherapy involves the application of liquid nitrogen to freeze and destroy the verruca. However, it may not provide complete effectiveness for plantar warts, which can take longer to heal compared to other types of verruca.
The size and depth of the verruca can influence the healing time. Larger and deeper verrucae may take longer to heal compared to smaller ones. Additionally, the overall health and immune response of the individual can also play a role in the healing process.
It is important to note that cryotherapy may require multiple sessions for optimal results and the complete healing of the verruca. Regular follow-up visits to a healthcare provider or skin specialist are advised to monitor the progress and adjust the treatment as needed. If successful, following removal of the verruca with cryotherapy you should expect healing to take 7-14 days.
Will a Verruca Go Away on its Own?
While some verrucae may resolve without treatment, the average lifespan of a verruca is about two years. Therefore, it is unlikely that a verruca will go away on its own in a short period of time. Additionally, some verrucae may require treatment to ensure they are fully removed from the skin and do not return.
If you have a verruca, it is recommended to consult with a healthcare provider or skin specialist for an appropriate diagnosis and treatment plan.
Is it Normal for a Verruca to Bleed?
It is not uncommon for a verruca to bleed, especially when there is rubbing or friction on the affected area after physical activity or due to ill-fitting footwear. The continuous pressure and irritation on the verruca can cause the thin skin layer covering it to break, resulting in bleeding.
If a verruca starts bleeding, there are steps you can take to treat it and prevent infection. First, apply gentle pressure to the bleeding area using a clean cloth or tissue to help stop the bleeding. Once the bleeding has stopped, clean the area gently with mild soap and warm water. It is important to avoid harsh rubbing or scrubbing, as this can further aggravate the verruca.
To protect the area and prevent infection, you can apply a waterproof plaster or bandage over the verruca. Make sure to choose a plaster that is appropriate for verrucae, as some are specifically designed to provide cushioning and protection for these types of skin conditions.
While occasional bleeding from a verruca is generally nothing to worry about and can be managed with simple first aid, frequent or excessive bleeding may indicate a more serious issue. If you find yourself experiencing frequent or easy bleeding from the verruca, it is advisable to seek advice from a specialist or healthcare professional for further evaluation and guidance.
Are Verrucas Itchy?
Verrucae can often cause an itching sensation. This itching is caused by a combination of factors related to the body’s immune response to the viral infection and the presence of dead skin cells.
When the human papillomavirus enters the skin cells, it triggers an immune response. This response includes the release of chemicals that can cause itching. Additionally, as the verruca develops, dead skin cells accumulate, creating a rough surface that can further contribute to the itchiness.
To alleviate the itchiness and promote healing, there are some preventative measures you can take. Keep the verruca clean and dry, avoid scratching or picking at it, and refrain from wearing shoes that cause friction or pressure on the verruca. Over-the-counter treatments, such as salicylic acid, can also help remove dead skin cells and reduce itching.
